Manifold construction



June 21, SANGER MANTFGLD CONSTRUCTION Filed June 5, 1930 2 Sheets-Sheet oRNEYs.

INVENTOR fi y G. Sanyerr BY2 I June 21, 1932. H, SANGER 1,863,934

MANIFOLD CONSTRUCTION Filed June 5, 19:50 2 Sheets-Sheet 2 INVENTOR fld/r} 6 5&277671' Patented June 21, 1932 umran s'ra'rss HARRY G. SANGER, OF DETROIT, MICHIGAN, ASEz'IG-NOR TO GRAHAM-PAIGE MOTORS CORPORATION, A CORPORATION OF MICHIGAN MANIFOLD CONSTRUCTION Application filed June 5, 1930. Serial No. 459,333.

This invention relates to a construction of intake manifold for internal combustion engines.

The main objects of this invention are to provide an improved construction of intake manifold which will produce a mixture of uniform consistency for delivery to the engine; to provide a construction in which the branches leading from the header are so ariranged as to cause thorough mixing of the light and heavy components of the fuel within the branches and cause an equal distribution to each one of a pair of cylinder intakes supplied by such branch, and to provide an improved construction 'of intake manifold which will not only produce a mixture of uniform consistency but will also increase the horse power output of an engine to which it is adapted.

An illustrative embodiment of this invention is shown in the accompanying drawings, in which Fig. l is a top plan view of a manifold constructed according to my improved invention, a portion thereof being shown in horizontal section so as to more clearly illustrate the interior construction. I

Fig. 2 is a view of the same taken in front elevation.

Fig. 3 is an enlarged sectional view taken on the line 3-3 of Fig. 2 looking in the direction indicated.

Fig. 4 is an enlarged sectional view taken on the line l4 of Fig. 1 looking in the direction indicated.

In the construction of internal combustion engines having eight cylinders in line, the .problem of securing equal and uniform dis tribution of fuel to all eight of the cylinders has been a very difficult one. This is particularly true of the two cylinders at each end of the motor.

Constructions in which the opposite ends of the manifold have been made with square corners so that the fuel is projected across the opening into the branch and against the end wall of the manifold have failed to secure an equal distribution of fuel having a uniform consistency or richness. This inherent defect is present in every automobilemotor having eight cylinders in line constructed at the present time and is particularly evident when the motor is first started in a cold condition.

l/Vith the use of my improved construction, this problem has been successfully solved with the result that when the motor is cold and first started, as soon as the mixture has been sufficiently enriched by choking so as to cause any one cylinder to fire, all eight cylinders will fire.

Without committing myself definitely to the following theory of operation, I am of the belief that the outer wall at the juncture of the branch and header, being curved at a reentrant angle will project the streams of fuel following the outer wall transversely into the streams of fuel following the inner wall of the header at their point of entry into the branch, thus creating a turbulent condition of sufficient intensity to thoroughly and intimately mix the light and heavy components of the fuel while within the branch so that the intakes of two cylinders connected to such branch will receive equal amounts of fuel so thoroughly mixed as to be of uniform consistency. 7

In the construction shown in the drawings my improved construction of intake manifold comprises generally a header 5, a feeder 6, which in this instance is a riser adapted to be connected to an updraft carburetor, and a plurality of branches 7 which provide communication between the header and the intakes of an internal combustion motor.

The feeder or riser 6 is located at substantially the medial point of theheader 5 and the inner walls 8 and 9 thereof at the juncture of the riser and header are curved or radiused so that the streams of. fuelv passing from the'riser to the header will flow around thesecurves and not be projectedagainst the top wallof theheaden. l a

In the particular embodiment shown, the manifold is designed for an eight cylinder in line motor and the header 5, at each side of the ear riser 6 is divided b a vertical wall 10 so as s to provide passageways 11 and 12 of substantially equal area. These passageways lead from the junctureof the-riser,and-headerito the branches which communicate with the motor intakes. v

Each of the branches 7 is of the same con struction and design and therefore a detailed description of one will suifice for all. As shown in Fig. 1 Where theend branch and a portionof the header is shown in horizontal section, the inner side of the outer wall 13, at the juncture of the header and branch, is

curved at are-entrant angle with respect to the longitudinal axis of the branch passageway 11 so as to project the streams of fuel 14, which follow the outer wall, transversely into the streams of fuel 15, which follow the 1 inner wall. These two streams of light and heavy fuelstrike each other at transverse angles-within the branch 7 and thus create a turbulent condition of great intensity in the area generally indicated by 16.

9 The reentrantangle found to be the most satisfactory for the particular construction illustrated is thirty degrees.

'The, branch 7 which thus serves as a mix. ing andgdistribution chamber, is adapted to supply fuel to a pair of adjacent cylinders and the mixing of the fuel is so thorough that an-equal distribution of fuel having uniform consistency is secured under the most adverse conditions.

: Inthe particular embodiment herein disclosed the manifold is designed for an eight cylinder in line motor but itwill be understoodthat this same construction and arrangement is equally well adapted for motors having-either greater or less number of cylinders and for either an updraft or clowndraft-carburetor. V

Although but one specific embodiment of this invention hasbeen herein shown and described, ,itiwill be understood that numerous details of the construction shown may be altered orom-ittedwithout departing from therspirit of this invention as defined by the following-claims.

1. In amanifold construction for internal combustion engines, a header and a branch communicating therewith, said branch being disposed at..a re-entrant angle with respect ---to the direction offiow of'fuel in said header whereby; to produce zone of violent turbulence immediately adjacent to. the outlet end 7 ofthe branch. In a manifold construction for internal -combustion engines, a header and. a. branch communicating therewith, said branch being so disposed at a re-entrant angle to said.

header as to causethe streams of relatively heavy fuel to be projected against the streams -of relatively light fuel and thus produce a mixture of uniform consistency within said branch. V

3. In amanif0ld construction for internal combustion engines, a'header and a branch -communicatingtherewith for supplymgfuel .1

to a pair of cylinders, said branch and header beingarranged at a re-entrant angle so as to produce a mixing of relatively light and heavy fuel components within the branch adjacent to the outlet thereof for securing a fuel mixture of uniform consistency and uniform equal distribution to both of the cylinders supplied by said branch.

4. In a manifold construction for internal combustion engines, a header and a branch communicating therewith for supplying fuel to a, pair of cylinders, said branch being disposed at a re-entrant angle with respect to the direction of flow of fuel in said header for producing a uniform mixture and distribution thereof to each of the cylinders supplied by said branch.

5. In a manifold construction for internal combustion engines, a header and abranch communicating therewith, the inner side of the outer wall at the junctureofthe header and branch being curved at a re-entrant angle to project'the fuel stream following such outer wall into the fuel stream following the inner wall, thereby securing a fuel mixture of substantially uniform consistency.

(3. in a manifold construction for internal combustion engines, a header and a branch communicating therewith, the inner side of the outer wall at the juncture of the header and branch being curved at a re-entrant angle of approximately thirty degrees to project the fuel stream following such outer wall into the fuel stream following the inner wall thereby securing a fuel mixture of substantially uniform consistency.

7. A manifold structure for a multi cylinder internal combustion engine comprising a head-erhaving a passage for fuel mixture-formed therein, a branch disposed at a re-cntrant angle with respect thereto, the branch being ofsubstantially uniform width throughout its length.

HARRY G. SANGER. 

